Ms. Frost  A world of biology.....
  • Welcome
    • About me
    • IB Calendar
  • IB: Introduction to cells
    • Origin of Cells
    • Membrane Structure and transport
    • Cell division
    • Structure of DNA and RNA
    • DNA Replication
    • Transcription and gene expression
    • Translation
  • Molecules to Metabolism
    • Molecular diagrams
    • Water
    • Carbohydrates and Lipids
    • Proteins and Enzymes
    • Lactase / Enzyme Inhibition
    • Cellular Respiration
    • Phases of Cellular Respiration
    • Earth atmosphere / Color
    • Photosynthesis
  • Digestion and absorption
    • The kidney and osmoregulation
    • Neurons and synapses
    • Muscle and Movement
    • The blood system
    • Gas exchange
    • Defense against infectious disease
    • Antibody production and vaccination
    • Hormones, Homeostasis
    • Sexual reproduction
  • Genetic modification and biotechnology
  • Genetics and Genes
    • Chromosomes
    • Meoisis
    • Inheritance
    • MORE Inheritance
  • Evidence of evolution
    • Natural selection
    • Gene pools and speciation
    • Classification of biodiversity
    • Cladisitics
  • Ecology Species, communities and ecosystems
    • Energy Flow
    • Carbon Cycling
    • Climate change
  • Option C: Species and communities
    • Option C: Communities and ecosystems
    • Option C: Impacts of human on ecosystems
    • Option C: Conservation of biodiversity
  • Plants: Transport in the xylem of plants
    • Transport in the phloem of plants
    • Growth in plants
    • Reproduction in plants
  • Anatomy Language
    • Epithelial/Connective/Skeletal
    • Muscular / Nervous Tussue
    • Heart
  • Western Hills Website
  • Science in the News
  • World Population Clock
  • Pre AP Biology
  • Blog

Cladisitics

Picture
Understandings:

• A clade is a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor.
• Evidence for which species are part of a clade can be obtained from the base sequences of a gene or the corresponding amino acid sequence of a protein.
• Sequence differences accumulate gradually so there is a positive correlation between the number of differences between two species and the time since they diverged from a common ancestor.
• Traits can be analogous or homologous.
• Cladograms are tree diagrams that show the most probable sequence of divergence in clades.
• Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group or species.



Applications and skills:
• Application: Cladograms including humans and other primates.







Skill: Analysis of cladograms to deduce evolutionary relationships.




Theory of knowledge:

• A major step forward in the study of bacteria was the recognition in 1977 by Carl Woese that Archaea have a separate line of evolutionary descent from bacteria. Famous scientists, including Luria and Mayr, objected to his division of the prokaryotes.
​To what extent is conservatism in science desirable?

Picture
Picture
An introduction to how life is related.  Learn how phylogenetic trees are drawn.  A must do activity!
what does T.rex taste like?

Application: Reclassification of the figwort family using evidence from cladistics.  Why were the organisms moved to different families?  What evidence was used to reclassify them?
Picture
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.