Evidence of evolution
Understandings:

Evolution occurs when heritable characteristics of a species change.

• The fossil record provides evidence for evolution.

• Populations of a species can gradually diverge into separate species by evolution.

• Continuous variation across the geographical range of related populations matches the concept of gradual divergence.

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Peppered moths

Application: Development of melanistic insects in polluted areas

Homologous Structures

Evolution of homologous structures by adaptive radiation explains similarities in structure when there are differences in function.

​Application: Comparison of the pentadactyl limb of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles with different methods of locomotion.

Selective breeding

Selective breeding of domesticated animals shows that artificial selection can cause evolution.

​How has artificial breeding affected bulldogs?What other species can this be applied to?