Muscle and Movement
- Skeletal muscle fibres are multinucleate and contain specialized endoplasmic reticulum.
- Muscle fibres contain many myofibrils.
- Each myofibril is made up of contractile sarcomeres.
- The contraction of the skeletal muscle is achieved by the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.
- ATP hydrolysis and cross bridge formation are necessary for the filaments to slide.
- Calcium ions and the proteins tropomyosin and troponin control muscle contractions
- Skill: Drawing labelled diagrams of the structure of a sarcomere.
Drawing labelled diagrams of the structure of a sarcomere should include Z lines, actin filaments, myosin filaments with heads, and the resultant light and dark bands.
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• Skill: Analysis of electron micrographs to find the state of contraction of muscle fibres.
Understandings:
• Bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers.
• Synovial joints allow certain movements but not others.
• Movement of the body requires muscles to work in antagonistic pairs.
Application: How antagonistic muscles work in an insect leg.
• Bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers.
• Synovial joints allow certain movements but not others.
• Movement of the body requires muscles to work in antagonistic pairs.
Application: How antagonistic muscles work in an insect leg.
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• Skill: Annotation of a diagram of the human elbow. • Elbow diagram should include cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, named bones and named antagonistic muscles |
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Aims:
• Aim 7: Use of grip strength data loggers to assess muscle fatigue.
• Aim 7: Use of animations to visualize contraction.
Guidance:
• Measurement of the length of sarcomeres will require calibration of the eyepiece scale of the microscope.
