Neurons and Synapses
Understandings:
Neurons transmit electrical impulses.
Nerve impulses are action potentials propagated along the axons of neurons.
The myelination of nerve fibres (axons) allows for saltatory conduction.
Neurons transmit electrical impulses.
Nerve impulses are action potentials propagated along the axons of neurons.
The myelination of nerve fibres (axons) allows for saltatory conduction.
- Neurons sit at resting membrane potential of -70mV. To generate an action potential (nerve impulse), this potential must become more positive.
- Neurons pump sodium and potassium ions across their membranes to generate a resting potential.
- An action potential consists of depolarization and repolarization of the neuron.
- When presynaptic neurons are depolarized they release a neurotransmitter into the synapse. Synapses are junctions between neurons and between neurons and receptor or effector cells.
- Propagation of nerve impulses is the result of local currents that cause each successive part of the axon to reach the threshold potential.
- A nerve impulse is only initiated if the threshold potential is reached (about +30 mV).
Utilization:
An understanding of the workings of neurotransmitters and synapses has led to the development of numerous pharmaceuticals for the treatment of mental disorders.
An understanding of the workings of neurotransmitters and synapses has led to the development of numerous pharmaceuticals for the treatment of mental disorders.
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Application: Blocking of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses in insects by binding of neonicotinoid pesticides to acetylcholine receptors.
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Aims:
Aim 8: The social effects of the abuse of psychoactive drugs could be considered, as could the use of the neurotoxin Botox for cosmetic treatments.
Aim 8: The social effects of the abuse of psychoactive drugs could be considered, as could the use of the neurotoxin Botox for cosmetic treatments.
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