Ms. Frost  A world of biology.....
  • Welcome
    • Data bases for labs
    • IB Calendar
  • IB: Introduction to cells
    • Origin and Division of Cells
    • Membrane Structure and transport
    • Structure of DNA and RNA
    • DNA Replication
    • Transcription and gene expression
    • Translation
    • Genetic modification and biotechnology
  • Molecules to Metabolism
    • Molecular diagrams
    • Water
    • Carbohydrates and Lipids
    • Proteins and Enzymes
    • Lactase / Enzyme Inhibition
    • Cellular Respiration
    • Phases of Cellular Respiration
    • Earth atmosphere / Color
    • Photosynthesis
  • Digestion and absorption
    • The kidney and osmoregulation
    • Neurons and synapses
    • Muscle and Movement
    • The blood system
    • Gas exchange
    • Defense against infectious disease
    • Antibody production and vaccination
    • Hormones, Homeostasis
    • Sexual reproduction
  • Genetics and Genes
    • Chromosomes
    • Meoisis
    • Inheritance
    • MORE Inheritance
  • Evidence of evolution
    • Natural selection
    • Gene pools and speciation
    • Classification of biodiversity
    • Cladisitics
  • Ecology Species, communities and ecosystems
    • Energy Flow
    • Carbon Cycling
    • Climate change
  • Option C: Species and communities
    • Option C: Communities and ecosystems
    • Option C: Impacts of human on ecosystems
    • Option C: Conservation of biodiversity
  • Plants: Transport in the xylem of plants
    • Transport in the phloem of plants
    • Growth in plants
    • Reproduction in plants
  • Anatomy Language
    • Epithelial/Connective/Skeletal
    • Muscular / Nervous Tussue
    • Heart
  • Western Hills Website
  • Science in the News
  • World Population Clock

Phases of Cellular respiration

Cell respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers.  

​                
LEO says GER 
​
Picture
Picture
The science of an Extreme Animal Athlete - watch to see how this amazing mouse is adapted to run!
Understandings:
​
• Phosphorylation of molecules makes them less stable (have more energy).

1) In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
  • Glycolysis gives a small net gain of 2 ATP without the use of oxygen (this is an anaerobic stage).                                                   4 ATP are made but 2 are used
  • In aerobic cell respiration pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized, and converted into an acetyl compound and             attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A in the link reaction.
2)  In the Krebs cycle, the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to the reduction of hydrogen carriers,
         liberating carbon dioxide.
  • Energy released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD.              (NADH, FADH2)
3)  Transfer of electrons between protein carriers in the electron transport chain in the membrane of the cristae is coupled to proton pumping.
  • In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate 34 ATP.
  • Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient, resulting in the formation of water.
The names of the intermediate compounds in gylcolysis and the Krebs cycle are not required.
Application: Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria.  Research micrographs of mitochondria!
Picture
The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs.
​
Skill: Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate the adaptations to its function.
Picture
Picture
Skill: Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to deduce where decarboxylation and oxidation reactions occur.
Picture
Step 1 - Anaerobic (cytoplasm)
Picture
Step 2 - Aerobic (mitochondrial matrix) Decarboxylation (CO2 is released)
Picture
Step 3 - ETC - mitochondrial cristae. Oxygen gains hydrogen electrons - water is formed
Picture
Chemiosmosis - H+ protons drive the energy needed to drive reaction of ADP + P to form ATP
Picture
Picture
https://ib.bioninja.com.au/
Picture
Theory of knowledge:
Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory encountered years of opposition before it was finally accepted. For what reasons does falsification not always result in an immediate acceptance of new theories or a paradigm shift?

Picture
Picture
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
  • Welcome
    • Data bases for labs
    • IB Calendar
  • IB: Introduction to cells
    • Origin and Division of Cells
    • Membrane Structure and transport
    • Structure of DNA and RNA
    • DNA Replication
    • Transcription and gene expression
    • Translation
    • Genetic modification and biotechnology
  • Molecules to Metabolism
    • Molecular diagrams
    • Water
    • Carbohydrates and Lipids
    • Proteins and Enzymes
    • Lactase / Enzyme Inhibition
    • Cellular Respiration
    • Phases of Cellular Respiration
    • Earth atmosphere / Color
    • Photosynthesis
  • Digestion and absorption
    • The kidney and osmoregulation
    • Neurons and synapses
    • Muscle and Movement
    • The blood system
    • Gas exchange
    • Defense against infectious disease
    • Antibody production and vaccination
    • Hormones, Homeostasis
    • Sexual reproduction
  • Genetics and Genes
    • Chromosomes
    • Meoisis
    • Inheritance
    • MORE Inheritance
  • Evidence of evolution
    • Natural selection
    • Gene pools and speciation
    • Classification of biodiversity
    • Cladisitics
  • Ecology Species, communities and ecosystems
    • Energy Flow
    • Carbon Cycling
    • Climate change
  • Option C: Species and communities
    • Option C: Communities and ecosystems
    • Option C: Impacts of human on ecosystems
    • Option C: Conservation of biodiversity
  • Plants: Transport in the xylem of plants
    • Transport in the phloem of plants
    • Growth in plants
    • Reproduction in plants
  • Anatomy Language
    • Epithelial/Connective/Skeletal
    • Muscular / Nervous Tussue
    • Heart
  • Western Hills Website
  • Science in the News
  • World Population Clock