Phases of Cellular respiration
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Cell respiration involves the oxidation and reduction of electron carriers.
LEO says GER |
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Understandings:
• Phosphorylation of molecules makes them less stable (have more energy).
1) In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
liberating carbon dioxide.
• Phosphorylation of molecules makes them less stable (have more energy).
1) In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
- Glycolysis gives a small net gain of 2 ATP without the use of oxygen (this is an anaerobic stage). 4 ATP are made but 2 are used
- In aerobic cell respiration pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidized, and converted into an acetyl compound and attached to coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A in the link reaction.
liberating carbon dioxide.
- Energy released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD. (NADH, FADH2)
- In chemiosmosis protons diffuse through ATP synthase to generate 34 ATP.
- Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to maintain the hydrogen gradient, resulting in the formation of water.
Application: Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria. Research micrographs of mitochondria!
The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs.
Skill: Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate the adaptations to its function.
Skill: Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate the adaptations to its function.
Skill: Analysis of diagrams of the pathways of aerobic respiration to deduce where decarboxylation and oxidation reactions occur.
Step 1 - Anaerobic (cytoplasm)
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Step 2 - Aerobic (mitochondrial matrix) Decarboxylation (CO2 is released)
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Step 3 - ETC - mitochondrial cristae. Oxygen gains hydrogen electrons - water is formed
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Chemiosmosis - H+ protons drive the energy needed to drive reaction of ADP + P to form ATP
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Theory of knowledge:
Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory encountered years of opposition before it was finally accepted. For what reasons does falsification not always result in an immediate acceptance of new theories or a paradigm shift?
Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic theory encountered years of opposition before it was finally accepted. For what reasons does falsification not always result in an immediate acceptance of new theories or a paradigm shift?
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