Translation
Visualize translation by clicking on the buttons below.
|
|
Understandings:
Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.
The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is determined by mRNA according to the genetic code.
Translation depends on complementary base pairing between codons on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA.
Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.
Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.
The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is determined by mRNA according to the genetic code.
Translation depends on complementary base pairing between codons on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA.
Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.
Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
Names of the tRNA binding sites are expected as well as their roles. A site, P site, E site
Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell.
Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell.
Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.
Application: tRNA-activating enzymes illustrate enzyme–substrate specificity and the role of phosphorylation.
Skill: Identification of polysomes in electron micrographs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
|
|
|
|
Skill: The use of molecular visualization software to analyse the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes and a tRNA molecule.
|
|
Structural Levels of proteins:
• The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
• The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
• The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups. Polar and non-polar amino acids are relevant to the bonds formed between R groups.
• The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain. Quaternary structure may involve the binding of a prosthetic group to form a conjugated protein.
• The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
• The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
• The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups. Polar and non-polar amino acids are relevant to the bonds formed between R groups.
• The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain. Quaternary structure may involve the binding of a prosthetic group to form a conjugated protein.
Skill: Use a table of the genetic code to deduce which codon(s) corresponds to which amino acid.
Skill: Use a table of mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids to deduce the sequence of amino acids coded by a short mRNA strand of known base sequence.
Skill: Deducing the DNA base sequence for the mRNA strand.
Skill: Use a table of mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids to deduce the sequence of amino acids coded by a short mRNA strand of known base sequence.
Skill: Deducing the DNA base sequence for the mRNA strand.
|
|
